"-els" meaning in Middle English

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-al"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-le"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-l"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-al"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-le"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-illis"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-els"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -els",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-isl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isl",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-slą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-slą",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-els"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -els",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English -els (also -else), a metathetic form of Proto-West Germanic *-isl, *-islī, from Proto-Germanic *-slą + *-ī.\nThe development of an inorganic vowel between the /l/ and /s/ is already found in Old English; such forms become predominant in Early Middle English (e.g. burieles 'burial'), meaning that later Middle English forms in -els probably at least partially represent syncope of this vowel rather than a direct continuation of Old English -els. Furthermore, nouns bearing this suffix are displaced by parallel formations in -el as the Middle English period progresses, as the /s/ is reinterpreted as the plural suffix -es.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-eles",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elis",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ils",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-les",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-lis",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-lys",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-illis",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-els",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix creating nouns denoting events, instruments, or places from verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--els-enm-suffix-2oXiigny",
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event#English"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument#English"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place#English"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#English"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly unproductive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly unproductive) suffix creating nouns denoting events, instruments, or places from verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-əls(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-(ə)ləs/",
      "note": "with epenthetic vowel"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-els"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-al"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-le"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-l"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-al"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-le"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-illis"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-els"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -els",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-isl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isl",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-slą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-slą",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-els"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -els",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English -els (also -else), a metathetic form of Proto-West Germanic *-isl, *-islī, from Proto-Germanic *-slą + *-ī.\nThe development of an inorganic vowel between the /l/ and /s/ is already found in Old English; such forms become predominant in Early Middle English (e.g. burieles 'burial'), meaning that later Middle English forms in -els probably at least partially represent syncope of this vowel rather than a direct continuation of Old English -els. Furthermore, nouns bearing this suffix are displaced by parallel formations in -el as the Middle English period progresses, as the /s/ is reinterpreted as the plural suffix -es.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-eles",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elis",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ils",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-les",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-lis",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-lys",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-illis",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-els",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
        "Middle English suffixes",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 5 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix creating nouns denoting events, instruments, or places from verbs"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event#English"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument#English"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place#English"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#English"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly unproductive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly unproductive) suffix creating nouns denoting events, instruments, or places from verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-əls(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-(ə)ləs/",
      "note": "with epenthetic vowel"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-els"
}